Teacher Motivation and Its Effect on the Academic...

Fall 2011 Gender differences on Intrinsic Motivation in Hong Kong Higher Education Hon Keung Yau Man Shan Kan City University of Hong Kong Alison Lai Fong Cheng Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate if there are different levels of intrinsic motivation towards study, curiosity and external regulation among males and females. This study focuses are attained by conducting a survey (137 students) among a local university in Hong Kong. Results show that among all students, no matter males or females, their levels of intrinsic motivation towards study, curiosity and external are the same. Burger, Dahlgren, and MacDonald (2006) found that male have higher intrinsic motivation to gamble when compared with female. Another study†¦show more content†¦In view that Ning and Downing (2010) have conducted a research study among 581 university students in Hong Kong and found that student motivation is the strongest predictor to their academic performance while few attempts t o investigate more specific factors such as curiosity and external regulation that whether they affect intrinsic motivation among university students in Hong Kong, the relationship between these factors and intrinsic motivation are deeply investigated so as to improve student intrinsic motivation. Also, whether males or females would have higher level of intrinsic motivation is also studied. These serve as the purpose of this paper. We attempt to fill the research gap by asking the following research questions: 64 e-Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership Volume 9, Number 2 Fall 2011 (1) Is there any difference in the level of intrinsic motivation towards learning between males and females for Hong Kong university students? (2) Is there any difference in the level of curiosity between males and females for Hong Kong university students? (3) Is there any difference in the level of external regulation between males and females for Hong Kong university students? These questions are answered by conducting a quantitative survey among a local university in Hong Kong. The result indicates that there is no difference in the level of curiosity, external regulation or intrinsic motivation towards learning between malesShow MoreRelatedArticle Critique : The Journal Of School Psychology1334 Words   |  6 Pages Article Critique Alyssa J. Brincka Arizona State University â€Æ' Article Critique The Journal of School Psychology published an article in 2014 titled Divorce, approaches to learning, and children’s academic achievement: A longitudinal analysis of mediated and moderated effects. The article was funded through grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the Institute of Education Sciences (Anthony, DiPerna, Amato, 2014). Lead author Christopher J. Anthony isRead MoreHow Much School Wide Achievement Effects The Relationship Between Early Childhood Education And Performance1368 Words   |  6 Pagesthey were trying to see how much school-wide achievement effects the relationship between early childhood education and performance in reading and math in fifth graders. The question they wanted to answer was, â€Å"Do ECE program participants have better achievement in fifth grade than others who were not in an ECE program?† They sampled children were first-time or repeat kindergarteners, kids who did not complete the first assessment in English, children who needed special education, and had movedRead MoreSchool Wide Achievement Effects On Children1621 Words   |  7 Pagesthey were trying to see how much school-wide achievement effects the relationship between early childhood education and performance in reading and math in fifth graders. The question they wanted to answer was, â€Å"Do ECE program participants have better achievement in fifth grade than others who were not in an ECE program?† They sampled children were first-time or repeat kindergarteners, kids who did not complete the first assessment in English, children who needed special education, or had moved schoolsRead MoreEssay On Early Childhood Education1498 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents within pre-school programs, kindergarten programs and ultimately through the second grade. Educators influence our children in order to become fully prepared for the future generation. It has been stereotyped that these educators may teach simple topics; however, these particular concepts are the fundamentals toward a child’s emotional and academic growth. The use of social skills within a classroom environment potentially results in not only the students’ academic state; however, the child’s emotionalRead MoreAppropriate Curriculum For Young Children925 Words   |  4 PagesThe debate about appropriate curriculum for young children generally centers on two options: free play and basic activities vs. stra ight academics (which is what many kindergartens across the country have adopted, often reducing or eliminating time for play). A new report, â€Å"Lively Minds: Distinctions between academic versus intellectual goals for young children,† offers a new way to look at what is appropriate in early childhood education. The report was written by Lilian G. Katz, professor emeritaRead MoreThe Importance Of A National Study By Add Health1485 Words   |  6 Pagesmakes all the difference. A national study by Add Health found that children who feel a connection with their school are less likely to engage in deviant adolescent behavior (Blum Rinehart 1997). Students may have the same state regulated academic standards and may have similar funding but school districts can have vastly different learner outcomes. Neighborhood schools can bring together students, parents and community. Teachers can be responsive to their student’s needs by being knowledgeableRead MoreAfrican Americans And Boys : Understanding Literacy Gap2166 Words   |  9 PagesAmericans and Boys: Understanding the Literacy Gap, Tracing Academic Trajectories, and Evaluating the Role of Learning-Related Skills is to explain which factors contribute to the literacy gap of African Americans, but primarily African American boys, in early childhood education. The study highlights that previous research identifies the presence of an achievement gap and makes associations with socioeconomic status (SES), lack of motivation, discrimination, and misbehavior as influences to the gapRead MoreBackground Of Kindergarten Education And Children s Psychology975 Words   |  4 PagesReview of Literature Background of Kindergarten Education and Children s Psychology Learning is developmental: Children, and their brains, benefit from enriched home and school environments (Connell, 2009) According to the Piaget’s research those children having four main stages of mental development. First stage, it is sensory motor intelligence to cover brain in the first and two years of children’s life. For this time, children know the world through their perceptions ability, such as they knowRead MoreThe Importance Of Education On Education1272 Words   |  6 Pages In a dream world, everyone would have an equal opportunity at a quality education. Unfortunately, this is not the case because one’s social class has more of an effect on their education than they might have thought. Multiple articles have drawn a connection between someone with low economic status and academic problems. There is also a tie between the student’s environment at home, school, and financial stability. Parents are the number one role models in a child’s life. A child surroundedRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Poverty on Teaching and Learning1976 Words   |  8 PagesReflections: The Effects of Poverty on Teaching and Learning I knew I had some pre-conceived ideas and did not understand the â€Å"hype† about the effects of poverty on teaching and learning in the United States, specifically between Washington, D.C. (considered a state for educational purposes) and Arkansas Public Schools. However, even though I grew up and graduated from Washington, DC Public Schools, through research I have found that there are many similarities when when it comes to the effects of poverty

Presumed Innocent - 1306 Words

Entertainment has always consisted of law related movies. Legal movies are successful because of public interest in different types of legal cases and scenarios. An example of a successful legal movie is Presumed Innocent. The movie Presumed Innocent was produced in 1990. The movie stars Harrison Ford who plays Rusty Sabich, a prosecutor and right hand man of the district attorney Raymond Horgan. Rusty’s colleague Carolyn Polhemus is found dead in her apartment. She was said to be raped and murdered. Raymond puts Rusty in charge of her investigation. It is later exposed that Rusty has a previous affair with Carolyn Polhemus but made up with his wife. Polhemus dumped Rusty. At this time of the investigation, Horgan is undergoing a†¦show more content†¦She seemed to be very caring and she wanted what was best for the young boy. Watching her interact with him was the first time that I felt very sorry for her vicious death. Another impressive part about the movie is that there was constant suspense as to whether Rusty would be found guilty or not guilty. The trial keeps you curious and anxious to find out the results. The relationships between all of the characters were also impressive especially Polhemus, Judge Lyttle, and Leon. It was shocking to find out that Polhemus set up the bribe for Leon and that Judge who took the money was actually the same Judge in Polhemus’ murder trial. The least impressive part of the movie was the way that it ended. It was clever to end the movie with Rusty’s wife confessing to the murder but personally, it seems that justice is not served for Polhemus. Polhemus’ murder went down as an unsolved case but now the viewer knows how it could be solved. It is understandable that the movie ends with a twist but there is no justice for Polhemus. Rusty’s wife gets to be a free woman and bears no legal consequences for murdering Polhemus. His wife would always nag Rusty about his ongoing obsession w ith Polhemus even though she was dead. Although it is terrible to cheat on a partner, it is not acceptable for Rusty’s wife to kill Polhemus in response to the affair. Any sympathy that I had for Rusty’s wife wasShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Judge Rusty Sabich1496 Words   |  6 PagesInnocent recounts a period, from 2008-2009, in the life of Judge Rusty Sabich. It is divided into three main sections (pre-trial, trial, and post-trial) and narrated from several points-of-view, such as Rusty Sabich, a judge in Kindle County; Nat Sabich, a law school graduate and the son of Rusty; Tommy Molto, a Kindle County prosecuting attorney; and Anna Vostic, a law clerk and Rusty’s mistress. However, the overarching story narrative focuses on the death of Barbara Sabich and the trial of RustyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Holds A Crucial, Conflicted Place In1191 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica, and some argue that the cost are high enough to put student through a year of college fo r less. Since humans are imperfect, the risk of executing the innocent can never be truly eliminated, Michael McLaughlin states that 4% of death row inmates are presumed innocent. Even in today’s society, with all the vast technology available, innocent people are wrongly convicted of death penalty crimes. â€Å"To be exact, according to the facts provided by the Death Penalty Information Center one hundred andRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Legal1004 Words   |  5 Pagesthe death penalty, many innocent people were executed, it violate to our bills of right, and takes lots of tax away. So, execution should be cessation. After performed the death sentence, it was not guilty and found out it is innocent. Lots of innocent people have been convicted for a crime and were performed death sentence by miscarriage of justice. A new study shows that at least four percent of all criminals who were sentenced to capital punishment are innocent (Elizabeth). Between 1974Read MoreEssay The Lincoln Lawyer1082 Words   |  5 Pageshis client’s innocence. He also at times retains information, prematurely, to discover the angles of the prosecutors or those testifying on behalf of the victims. Most of today’s societies hate or strongly resent lawyers who protect the guilty or presumed guilty. They looked at Mickey as the devil, whereas he looked at himself as a greasy angel, (pg. 25). Mickey believes that the law is not about truth as much as it is about negotiation, amelioration and manipulation, (pg. 25). He does believe inRead MoreThe Trial And Free Salem1311 Words   |  6 Pagesthat power came the understanding that they would preserve the puritanical doctrine of the colonists. In the quest to maintain the purity of the colony, haste sometimes led to improper judgments, and the courts infrequently convicted those who were innocent in an effort to maintain the sanctity of the province. This situation manifests itself in Salem, where, in order to further their own personal desires to continue the trials and free Salem, the judges and prosecutors prefer to preserve their ownRead MoreWilliam Blake s Songs Of Innocence And Experience1268 Words   |  6 Pagesinflu ence. The â€Å"innocence† and â€Å"experience† that Blake bases this collection of poems around can be better understood when related to John Milton’s mythic states of â€Å"paradise† and the â€Å"fall†. Blake proves to readers that although humans are initially and innocent and without sin, they are not immune to the fall or the corrupted influence of society. Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience involves an extensive contrast of religion, society and human nature. Jesus Christ in â€Å"The Lamb†, a poem in SongsRead MoreThe Death Penalty Needs a Better Appeals Process1414 Words   |  6 Pagesto punish people that kill children, women or the elderly. The system has been in place for many years, and has evolved from the use of the electric chair and firing squads to the current method, the use of lethal injection. The most common reason innocent people are put to death is because of poor representation; in many cases, inmates get a court appointed lawyer and receive the ultimate sentence, the death penalty. Most court appointed lawyers have poor experience handling these types of cases.Read MoreWhy Is The Rights Of The Accused Is Proven Accused1503 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States is â€Å"innocent until proven guilty.† This means that until a prosecution has proven beyond a reasonable doubt that a person accused of a crime has indeed committed that crime, he or she is to be presumed innocent of all charges. In theory, this i dea upholds the sense of democracy and fair trial upon which the country was founded. In practice, however, it is less so. Oftentimes, an accusation or a criminal charge defines the person accused, as he or she is already presumed guilty in the courtRead MoreMisrepresentation in Business Law1672 Words   |  7 Pagesaccruing to one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by another†. There must also be intension to create a contract. In commercial situations such as this the intent to create a contract is presumed. In Edwards v Skyways Ltd (1964)- the defendant was promised on being made redundant, and withdrawing his pension contributions, the company would give him an ex gratia (given out of grace- accepting no liability) payment of the same again. HeRead MoreThe Benefits Of Organ Donation1300 Words   |  6 Pagesthe organ being received is healthy or the correct blood type. The organ could be carrying a disease or virus that the United States has not established a safe cure for. China has begun taking organs from executed prisoners, and from unsuspecting, innocent people. A woman named Peng Xiaohong lost her 7-year-old son. At his funeral, she noticed that there were cuts near his eye. When they opened his eye, his cornea and part of the eye had been stolen, and to try and cover it up, the thieves had stuffed

Qu son los delitos de conducta inmoral y consecuencias

Los delitos inmorales tienen enormes  consecuencias negativas tanto para los migrantes -legales e indocumentados- como para las personas  que desean visitar o emigrar a Estados Unidos. Y es que estos delitos, conocidos en inglà ©s como crimes of  moral turpitude o CMT o ICMT, afectan a la capacidad para sacar todas visas no inmigrantes, como por ejemplo la de turista. Tambià ©n son causa para que se rechace la obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Asimismo, los delitos inmorales son causa de deportacià ³n y, finalmente, tambià ©n pueden impedir la obtencià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Por todas estas razones en este artà ­culo se explican cuà ¡les  son las felonà ­as o delitos inmorales y cà ³mo afecta a cada una de las situaciones que pueden presentarse y quà © se puede hacer en estos casos.  ¿Cuà ¡les son los delitos inmorales? No hay ninguna ley que diga cuà ¡les son. De hecho, ninguna persona es formalmente acusada y enjuiciada por un delito de conducta inmoral. Entonces,  ¿quà © son? Segà ºn la Corte de Apelaciones de Inmigracià ³n (BIA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), los delitos inmorales son conductas molestas que atentan contra la moralidad de la sociedad, bien porque su autor actuà ³ con una intencià ³n realmente mala (evil) o porque actuà ³ sin ningà ºn cuidado o consideracià ³n, incluso con temeridad.  ¿Quià ©n decide que un delito o una falta es inmoral, que es moral turpitude? Las agencias del gobierno, como el Servicio de Ciudadanà ­a e Inmigracià ³n, conocido como USCIS en inglà ©s, o los oficiales consulares. Y por supuesto las Cortes de Inmigracià ³n. Hay que destacar que no hay opinià ³n unà ¡nime y que la misma conducta puede ser considerada de manera distinta segà ºn la persona a la que le corresponda valorarlas. En todo caso, a continuacià ³n se enuncia una lista de acciones que, segà ºn las circunstancias del caso, han sido catalogadas consistentemente como delitos inmorales, destacando que muchas de ellas està ¡n catalogadas como delitos (felonies), pero otras son, en la mayorà ­a de los casos, simples faltas desde el punto de vista penal (misdemeanors). Pero eso no es obstà ¡culo para que sean considerados delitos inmorales a la hora de aplicar las leyes migratorias. Ademà ¡s, hay que subrayar que algunos de los delitos de conducta inmoral se consideran tambià ©n como agravados. Si se califican como agravados, las consecuencias son incluso mà ¡s graves. Listado de delitosy faltas que pueden ser calificados como inmorales Delitos de conducta inmoral contra la propiedad: Extorsionar, hurtar, robar, transportar con conocimiento mercancà ­a robada o aceptarla.Defraudar mediante representacià ³n falsa. Es decir, presentando a sabiendas un hecho falso como si fuese verdadero para poder defraudar a otra persona.Alterar un documento con el objeto de lograr que otra persona, la và ­ctima, entregue un tà ­tulo o escritura de propiedad.Destruir maliciosamente propiedad pà ºblica o privada.Provocar un incendio o realizar una falsificacià ³n con el fin de cometer un delito contra la propiedad.Desfalcar, malversar fondos o chantajear. Delitos de conducta inmoral contra la Autoridad: Evadir a sabiendas el pago de impuestos, esconder tambià ©n con conocimiento a un fugitivo de la justicia.Falsificar dinero.Cometer perjurio.Tambià ©n forman parte de esta categorà ­a de crà ­menes obtener dinero u otra cosa de valor mediante un fraude cometido por medio del sistema de Correos.Cohecho, es decir, un soborno en el que la persona que pide o recibe dinero u otra clase de beneficio es un funcionario pà ºblico o un miembro de la Autoridad. Delitos de conducta inmoral contra las personas: Abandonar voluntariamente a un nià ±o, cuando como resultado el menor quede en situacià ³n de dificultad econà ³mica o contribuir a que el menor cometa un delito. (El no pagar la pensià ³n alimenticia a un hijo puede ser considerado como un delito inmoral. Asà ­ el hijo està © en EEUU o en otro paà ­s).Participar en un tumulto en el que se produzca una alteracià ³n del orden pà ºblico.Agredir a otra persona o bien con un arma peligrosa o bien con la intencià ³n de robar, asesinar, violar o causar lesiones.Tambià ©n està ¡n incluidos en estos crà ­menes el asesinato, el secuestro, el homicidio voluntario e incluso el involuntario, cuando se el autor haya sido manifiestamente imprudente, excepto en los casos de accidentes de trà ¡fico que no se consideran como una falta moral, a menos que haya habido consumo de drogas, alcohol, exceso de velocidad a todas luces temerario. Delitos contra la libertad y la moral sexual: Bigamia, o estar casado con mà ¡s de una persona al mismo tiempoIncesto y estupro, entendido este à ºltimo como una relacià ³n sexual de un adulto con un menor de edad que ya ha alcanzado la adolescencia, aunque dicha relacià ³n sea consentida por el menor.Violacià ³nProstitucià ³nFraude de paternidad, es decir, que una mujer declare que un determinado hombre es el padre biolà ³gico de un nià ±o a sabiendas de que el verdadero padre es otro, generalmente por interà ©s econà ³mico.Actos de naturaleza sexual en los que no hay tocamiento con la và ­ctima, como por ejemplo exposicià ³n en pà ºblico y ante otra persona de las partes à ­ntimas.Actos lujuriosos y obscenos inapropiados (lewdness), como mantener relaciones à ­ntimas en pà ºblico. Consecuencias migratorias de los delitos inmorales Los delitos inmorales pueden afectar a asuntos tan distintos como la deportacià ³n, denegacià ³n de visas no inmigrantes, denegacià ³n de la green card y no aprobacià ³n de la peticià ³n de naturalizacià ³n para obtener la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense. Como causas de deportacià ³n, recordar que los extranjeros que se encuentran en Estados Unidos pueden ser deportados dependiendo del tipo de infraccià ³n que cometan. En el caso especà ­fico de cà ³mo los delitos inmorales pueden ser causa de deportacià ³n de los residentes permanentes legales decir que puede suceder si: se cometieron en los cinco primeros aà ±os que siguieron a la  entrada en EEUU y la sentencia fue de, al menos, un aà ±o.Se cometieron 2 o mà ¡s delitos inmorales desde la fecha en que fue admitido a Estados Unidos legalmente. Dependiendo del caso, podrà ­a obtenerse una forma de alivio frente a la deportacià ³n segà ºn los lazos familiares, tiempo de estancia en los Estados Unidos, etc. Eso siempre que el delito inmoral no sea, al mismo tiempo, un delito agravado. Porque estos à ºltimos permiten menos opciones. Ademà ¡s, los delitos inmorales pueden ser causa de lo que se conoce como inadmisibilidad. Esto opera de distintas formas. Por ejemplo, es causa para la denegacià ³n de la green card tanto cuando se tramita por ajuste de estatus o por medio de un procedimiento consular. Asimismo, los delitos inmorales convierten en inadmisibles a los extranjeros que desean ingresar a EEUU con una visa no inmigrante o sin visa por pertenecer a un paà ­s en el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas.   La inadmisibilidad aplica por delito inmoral cuando la condena mà ¡xima que se puede recibir es de mà ¡s de un aà ±o. Tambià ©n cuando se ha sido sentenciado a mà ¡s de seis meses de reclusià ³n. En estos dos la regla no aplica cuando se cometià ³ el delito con menos de 18 aà ±os y ya han pasado al menos 5 desde la fecha en que se abandonà ³ la prisià ³n o el correccional. Tambià ©n se es inadmisible cuando se han cometido dos o mà ¡s delitos inmorales. En este caso no hay excepcià ³n por cuestià ³n de edad. En los casos de inadmisibilidad podrà ­a solicitarse un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Si bien hay que tener en cuenta que se piden mà ¡s requisitos en el caso de que el perdà ³n fuera necesaria para obtener una visa inmigrante (residencia permanente). En estos casos de visas inmigrantes la ley contempla dos supuestos en los que se puede aprobar el perdà ³n. En primer lugar, si ya han pasado mà ¡s de 15 aà ±os desde que se cometià ³ el delito inmoral y la persona ha sido rehabilitada o, en segundo lugar, si la persona ha sido pedida por uno de sus padres, cà ³nyuges o hijos que son ciudadanos americanos o residentes permanentes legales y se puede probar que se da el requisito de dureza extrema. Por à ºltimo, los delitos inmorales tambià ©n afectan a la naturalizacià ³n para obtener la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense porque o se cumple el requisito de buen carà ¡cter moral. Es muy importante asesorarse porque en la prà ¡ctica muchos de estos casos dan lugar al inicio de un proceso de deportacià ³n. La importancia de abogado en casos de delitos inmorales Los delitos inmorales pueden provocar consecuencias muy graves. Ademà ¡s, tienen el problema de que no hay un listado cerrado de acciones que pueden ser asà ­ calificadas por lo que a veces hay una situacià ³n poco clara sobre posibles efectos. Tambià ©n hay que tener en cuenta que para tener problemas no es necesaria la condena, ya que es suficiente la admisià ³n de haber cometido un delito inmoral. Por esta razà ³n, es muy importante contar con los servicios y asesorà ­a de un abogado que entienda las posibles consecuencias migratorias de estos actos, y no solo las penales. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Literary Analysis Of Scarlet O Hara - 896 Words

Juliette Wallace Miss Aiken AP English Literature and Composition 1 January 2015 Literary Perceptions of Women Delicate, modest, well mannered, fragile, and gentle have been amongst the words used to depict the traditional, ideal woman for generations. Movies, television shows, and written literary works have continually painted the portrait of a nearly unattainable female image, and have established an atmosphere of subordination and distinction between the two genders. In even the most canonized literary works, women are often portrayed as being inadequate. However, there are also many female embodiments of strength, dignity, and passion. Scarlet O’Hara, Nora Helmer, and Edna Pontellier radiate all of these traits, while maintaining their own unique characteristics. They each defy the standard roles of women, and form their own identities in even the most oppressive cultures. Gone With the Wind is regarded as perhaps one of the most dramatic and prolonged works of all time. Seeing as the cinematic depiction reaches a lengthy four hours, the audience is able to receive a wealth of appreciation for each of the movie’s dynamic characters. Initially introduced as a mindless Southern Belle, Scarlet O’Hara rules as the protagonist of the film, manipulating male suitors and acting as a prominent businesswoman to save her family estate. Her famous lines preceding the intermission express her ambition, brutality, and determination: As God as my witness, as God as my witness, they

The Little Rock Nine Free Essays

The movie â€Å"The Little Rock Nine† is based on an event that happened in the 1950’s. The movie is based on the first time that a school allowed black students into an all white school. This event happened in Little Rock, Arkansas when a school allowed nine black teenagers into their school. We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Rock Nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this essay you will read about the respect that the black students got at the beginning of the movie and the respect they got at the end, how society has changed today, how this relates to the Hebrews experience, how this relates to moral values, and my personal experience on this theme. In the movie the nine black students got no respected at all. The students were treated the same as every other black person at this point in time. The black students took abuse and bullying that no other person would be able to take. They got pushed, threatened, excluded from events and even spit on. This was the respect they got when they first came to the school. The guards stationed around the school didn’t even do much at times. They were afraid at times, because if they tried to retaliate they knew things would only get worse. Even people outside the school tried to get the students out of the school. There were rallies and marches, mostly led by parents, to get rid of the nine black students. Then things got even worse when bomb threats started coming in. Finally on of the students named Minnijean Brown started to fight back. Minnijean Brown was the first of the students to be targeted to recieve the most abuse. It started one day when she was just heading to class and a group of girls blocked the door to her next class. She asked them politly to move and when they didn’t she tried to move in between them, but she got pushed out of the way. That was the start of the incidents. Eventually Minnijean was expelled for dumping a bowl of chili on students head that was blocking her way and refused to move. Minnijean was upset by this because the white people of the community got exactly what they wanted. The next target was Ernest Green. Ernest was targeted next because he was a senior and, if he made it, would be the first black student to graduate from Central High School. The white students and parents did everything they could to prevent him from graduating. One female student even tried to get him to like her so she could say he â€Å"harassed† her,but Ernest graduated 1958. These two students are probably the most recognized two of the Little Rock Nine becausse of what happened to them. Society has changed alot since 1958 in many ways. The Central High School in Little Rock is now 50% black students. The story of the Little Rock Nine relates to the Hebrews when they are in Egypt because they are being treated just like the nine black students. They were forced into labor every day and were beaten and spat on as well. This relates to moral values because everybody should be treated equal. Alot of people back then were Catholic, but they treated people diffrently, when everyone was actually the same. This relates to my personal experience because me and a friend of mine went through a little bit of this last year. It wasn’t as bad as the Little Rock Nine, but it hurt. My friend and I were excluded from games some games in P. E. , we took alot of hateful phrases, and other things. Then around graduation they stopped and things went back to normal. The Little Rock Nine is a good example of what black peolpe had to go through in that point in time. I think the Little Rock Nine was and still is a great example of how racism can destroys people and their self esteem. And It also shows how brave some people were during the Civil Rights Movement. I also think it is very important that three of the Little Rock Nine graduated from Central High School which I think this is a great accomplishment. It also proves that blacks were able to do the same school work as whites. How to cite The Little Rock Nine, Essay examples

BofA Mobile Banking case free essay sample

Introduction Bank of America (BofA) is the largest bank holding company in the United States, by assets, and the second largest bank by market capitalization. As a global Finance Service Institution, BofA serves clients in more than 150 countries and has a relationship with 99% of the U.S. The banks 2008 acquisition of Merrill Lynch made Bank of America the worlds largest wealth manager and a major player in the investment banking industry. BofA launched mobile banking in May 2007. Mobile Banking lets customers easily and securely access balance information, pay bills with optional Bill Pay service, transfer funds, and find nearby ATMs and banking centers through a mobile application on their smartphones, and through mobile web on their phone browser. Douglas, SVP of Mobile Product Development was quoted, â€Å"In less than 3 years we have four million mobile banking customers. That’s an adoption rate almost five to eight times that of our online banking several years ago. † Line-of-business managers are looking for leveraged mobile platforms with functionalities that can meet different needs and the different target groups such as: Merrill Lynch brokerage, mortgages, credit cards, consumer payments, etc†¦ The capabilities of mobile banking through the use of smartphones or mobile web have become popular with today’s bank customers. There are increasing overall growth in mobile banking in the financial services industry. In addition, the transaction cost1 of mobile banking and internet banking is much lower than the traditional channel (e.g. Branch, Call Center, ATMS and IVR). Due to the economic downturn, banks are looking for extend the service channels and aim to increase the profit via tradition core banking service, such as transaction fees. The system automation can reduce the operation cost; increase the transaction turnaround time and accuracy. With the popularity of smartphones and mobile data services, mobile banking can be the booming tools for banking industry profit engine. However, investing in the enhancement of the mobile banking is costly and will directly affecting the bank’s revenue and brand images.  The worse scenarios, may encounter customer complain and regulatory comments and punishments. Therefore, the management of BofA have to decide how can they effectively utilize this technology as a new media to make banking services easier, faster and more convenient for customer, at the same time, how can the app can help for BofA marketing the banks new products, service and increase the customer loyalty. In the short run, what do BofA tell the line-of-business managers – should the app increase functionality, build new app or refuses to add complexity to the current app? In the long run, how do BofA position the bank in this fast changing industry? Analysis Mobile banking (app) is not a mandatory product (or say channel) for bank’s customer. It’s just an optional channel, based on the product itself, let’s analysis base on Porter’s 5 forces analysis. 1. New entrants are HIGH. There will not be any new large mass-market players or niche players bursting on the scene, but there will be new independent players like PayPal that will provide some similar functions app in the market. 2. Power of suppliers are from MEDIUM to LOW. The majority of the suppliers of mobile banking should be those technologies partners, technology consultants, outsource software house and marketing partners as alliance in some promotion campaigns. Bank has stronger power than those outsource software house in most situations. 3. Bargaining power of buyers is HIGH. Given the mobile banking is only an optional channel for customer. Customers still have other options to complete their transaction thru the bank and able to say NO to mobile banking. The switching cost of changing the channel is low but the switching cost of BANK may from LOW to MEDIUM. 4. Threat of substitution is HIGH. Currently customers still can utilize other channels to fulfill their needs via Branches, Call Center, ATMS, Internet banking and IVR. 5. Intensity of rivalry is HIGH. Many banks like Well Fargo, Citibank, JP Morgan are working on the mobile banking and each of these app have the same majority functions and include some differentiate functions. BofA Mobile Banking App functionalities To install the app and apply the mobile banking is free. As the mobile banking include 3 major segments of core function: Mobile Website, Text Banking and Mobile App2 . The BofA’s new app include below functions: †¢Check account balances for accounts and facilities lines held with BofA. †¢Pay bills. †¢Transfer funds between BofA accounts. †¢View transaction details for all BofA accounts or facilities lines, including posted, pending and scheduled transactions. BofA Mobile Banking App include the majority functions that customer requires and let’s talk about the Brand of BofA in the following section. The Brand of BofA Competitors Bank of America ($30.6B) is the most valuable banking brand in the USA. Its brand value has increased by 18% and it has a brand rating of AAA-. Despite concerns of further mortgage-related write-downs, Bank of America was also the #1 most valuable banking brand in the world at 2011. The Designs The Bank and the Mobile Banking App Logo Given the icon of BofA can be shown in the Bank and the mobile banking logo, it can help the customers to connect the mobile banking app to BofA. The color use of the Bank is Red and Blue and the Mobile banking is single using Red only. Red color is a powerful color, symbolizing energy, passion or even danger. It works best for action-oriented products or brands, products associated with speed or power, or dominant or iconic brands. The mobile banking icon didn’t use the Red and Blue color which only using Red to show the passion and commitment of the bank to customer via mobile banking. Bank of America and Mobile Banking Slogans Recommendations Given the increment of additional functions will slow down the performance of the mobile banking app; it does not recommend incorporating the additional business functions to the current app. From technologies risk and regulatory prospective, it will be too risky if pulling all business applications in one single platform. If on module down, it will totally affect the bank normal day to day operations. In short run, suggest developing new apps for extending the advance mortgages, credit cards service or investments service for different business functions. To leverage different branding to differentiate the different category of services that offered. Apart from leverage different brands3 own by the group, BofA can also cooperate with Smartphone and Telecom Services Providers to ingredient branding to provide the end to end mobile service. Bank customer can encounter discount on purchase latest smartphones, discount on data service plan and possible to issue mobile credit cards by offering promotions. BofA can consider consolidating all apps in one single platform when there are needs in future. In long run, BofA can cooperate with the Telecom Services Providers and sizeable Merchants, to provide addition information for customer when customer arriving the merchants and let them know what kinds of promotions or discounts are offer. This can uplift the service from singling banking service to mobile living yellow pages. This can help to increase the customer loyalty and build strong connections with bank customers. It can also attract more alliance (other merchants) to share the promotion and marketing cost to developing a new banking and living experience. Of cause, it is necessary to maintain the balance of utilizing the mobile banking app, customers segments for marketing promotion events, if over sell which may obtain opposite result. To differentiate BofA from other competitors, it is necessary to ensure the Bank can position the Bank with Stronger Branding and Images extend the services from â€Å"Banking† only to diversify the service to other related informational services in daily life and provide incredible services and  experience for customers. This can help the bank to reposition the bank as a full around bank which can fulfill customer day to day activities that require of any payment or transactions. This can help to identify stronger alliance for the long term development. In conclusion, BofA must keep on investing in mobile banking apps, as it is a trend that smartphone or more innovative device (e.g. Google device) will become more popular, bank must utilize these new technologies by re-design the current channels to increase the bank traditional income (e.g. Transaction fees) and other new incomes (e.g. investments service, financial consultation service, etc.) and extend the service with alliance to promoting the daily service tools. This can help the bank to enlarge the customer groups, define new customer groups segments or sub-segments for better marketing and promotion campaigns and maintain the brand in the leading positions. Exhibit 1 Costs per Transaction by different channels The Pricing, when the apps developed to more advance, and able to customize and fully integrate full around service for customer, at that time, BofA can consider of charging customer for service charges after trial. If customers are satisfying with the full around services after the trial, the bank can also extend the income by promotion the comprehensive mobile banking and service apps. Exhibit 2 Mobile website Customers can pay bills whenever they want with optional online Bill Pay. Check balances on checking accounts, savings accounts and credit cards. Transfer funds immediately to any other Bank of America account. Locate banking centers or ATMs, along with maps and directions. Text banking Use text message banking to request information about self-own checking, savings and credit card accounts. Getting the answers you need is simple when its received within seconds on your phone. Mobile app Mobile Banking App, designed specifically for iPhone ®, iPad ®, Windows ® Phone, BlackBerry ®, HP ® webOSâ„ ¢ and Androidâ„ ¢ devices. Wherever you are, youll have  easy access to your Bank of America accounts with their quick and convenient Mobile Banking App Exhibit 3 – BofA’s branding